El melanoma anorrectal, descrito inicialmente por Moore en 1857, es un tumor infrecuente y agresivo, cuyo pronóstico suele ser infausto, con una supervivencia a los cinco años menor de 20 %. La principal importancia de este tumor radica en que suele presentarse como una tumoración anorrectal o producir sangrado, o rectorragia, por lo que el diagnóstico diferencial con la enfermedad anal benigna resulta crucial, pues el pronóstico estará condicionado por el estadio en el momento del diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 70 años que consultó por sangrado rectal y cuyo diagnóstico inicial fue de trombosis hemorroidal. Tras el diagnóstico de melanoma anorrectal y el estudio de extensión negativo para metástasis, se practicó una amputación abdómino-perineal según la técnica de Miles. Tras nueve años de seguimiento, la paciente se encuentra libre de enfermedad.

Anorectal melanoma was first described by Moore in 1857. Is an uncommon and aggresive tumor, with inauspicious prognosis. Five-year survival rates are less than 20%. The main important feature of this tumor is that it usually manifests as a rectal tumor or rectal bleeding; therefore, a diferential diagnosis with benign anal conditions is of utmost importance. Prognosis is conditioned by tumor stage at diagnosis. We present a 70-year-old woman with rectal bleeding with an initial diagnosis of hemorrhoidal trombosis. With the diagnosis of rectal melanoma without distant metastasis, an abdominoperineal resection (Miles operation) was performed. After 9-years follow-up, she is disease free.

The use of bone grafts is a common practice in musculoskeletal surgery to provide mechanical stability where there is a defect and it allows skeletal reconstruction. Classically auto and allografts have been used. The latter are the choice in large, complex defects. Allografts can be transplanted despite cell death, have osteoconduction and osteoinduction capacity, low antigenicity and biomechanica lproperties similar to the original bone. They can be obtained from living and death donors. They are stored by cryopreservation and lyophilization in entities called bone banks. This is a review about bone allografts and the organization and function of the bone banks.

Reportamos neste trabalho os estudos magnéticos e de RPE do composto [Cu2(flu)4(dmf)2] (flu = flufenamato e dmf = dimetilformamida), tendo os ions CuII como unidades dinucleares em forma de tetracarboxilato "paddle wheel". Medidas de susceptibilidade magnética na faixa de temperatura 10 < T < 275 K permitiram a determinação da energia de interação antiferromagnética J0 = -294 ± 5 cm-1 entre os íons CuII (Hex = "J0 S1·S2 ). Medidas de RPE (espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica) em temperatura ambiente com a amostra em pó e monocristal em bandas X e Q resultaram nos valores g// = 2.373, g⊥ = 2.073 e parâmetros de campo zero D = (-0.334 ± 0.001) cm"1 e E ca. 0. Medidas com a intensidade integrada do sinal de RPE do monocristal na faixa de temperatura 40 < T < 295 K indicaram o valor de J0 = "283 ± 5 cm"1 . Um limite superior de |J´| < 5×10-3 cm-1 para o acoplamento de intercâmbio entre unidades dinucleares vizinhas a distâncias de ca. 14.24 Å foi estimado com base na variação angular do espectro ao redor do ângulo mágico. Os resultados são discutidos com base na estrutura da unidade dinuclear e das ligações que conectam os íons de CuII, comparando-os com compostos similares descritos na literatura.

We report magnetic and EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy studies of [Cu2(flu)4(dmf)2] (flu = flufenamate and dmf = dimethylformamide), which has CuII ions in tetracarboxylate "paddle wheel" dinuclear units. Susceptibility measurements at 10 < T < 275 K allowed the evaluation of an antiferromagnetic intradinuclear exchange coupling J0 = -294 ± 5 cm-1 between CuII ions (Hex = "J0 S1·S2). EPR experiments at 300 K in powder and single-crystals at 9.5 and 34.4 GHz indicated g// = 2.373, g⊥ = 2.073 and zero field splitting parameters D = (-0.334 ± 0.001) cm"1 and E ca. 0. EPR signal intensity measurements at X-band in the range 4 < T < 295 K indicated that J0 = "283 ± 5 cm"1. A higher limit |J´| < 5×10-3 cm-1 for the interdinuclear exchange coupling between neighbor units at ca.14.24 Å was estimated from the angular variation of the single crystal spectra around the magic angles. The results are discussed in terms of the structure of the dinuclear unit and the bridges connecting CuII ions and compared with values reported for similar compounds.